Women's Rights

Women's Rights

The Living Legend 
Ahmad Javed Kamran Amiri

Dated: Wednesday 10^th October 2019

Women's rights is a term that refers to the freedom and rights of women (woman / girl) of all ages. These rights may or may not be recognized by traditional or moral law or custom in a society. The reason for the special grouping of these rights as women and to separate them from more general rights such as human rights is that they are, in theory, recognized as being born to all mankind, but women's rights advocates (lawyers) show that for historical and cultural reasons Women and girls are excluded from these rights more than men.

The topic of women's rights usually includes - but is not limited to: physical integrity and autonomy, the right to vote, the right to work, the right to equal pay for equal work. The right to own property, the right to study, the right to join the military, the right to participate in legal contracts, and ultimately the rights to guardianship, marriage, and religion.

Women, who pay the highest price of unjust policies and patriarchal societies, must play a key role in order to bring about social change.

Women’s work is often overlooked, unpaid and undervalued. They work in unsafe conditions and have precarious jobs. Greater corporate accountability for upholding human rights is needed.

Across the world, women and girls are at risk of violence. We must challenge the social and cultural norms that lead to women’s vulnerability.

There are structural causes of violence against women: beliefs, access to resources, and economics. Governments must do more to serve the needs of poor and excluded women, and to protect and advance their rights.

History of Women's Rights in Religions

Woman in Islam

The position of women in Islam has always been controversial. With the advent of Islam, she was abandoned to bury the daughters of Arab custom. In the marriage treaty, the husband was ordered to pay his wife a dowry (Mahrya) instead of paying his son-in-law's cabin. Women acquired individual property rights and inheritance rights, while previously only male relatives had the right to inherit. Thus, with the advent of Islam, the social status of women improved. The Prophet also, in accordance with the divine commandment in verse twelve Surat al-Muamta'nah, gave allegiance to women under certain conditions, and on the basis of that allegiance, he joined women in political and social and economic affairs. Men have made a difference to the duties, rights and roles of women and men. The Qur'an regards men as guardians of women and responsible for protecting them.

Men are dominant over women and their guardians because God has given some superiority over others, so men give alms to their wives and be decent and obedient women and keepers of the house in the absence of her husband and keep what God has commanded her to guard.

Although in the Qur'an, man dominates women, men are advised to be kind to women.

Equal Pay for Men and Women

In the 19th century, a growing number of women began working in industrial activities. As a result, the concern of some social reformers about the impact of long hours and poor working conditions on women's health increased. The National Consumers' Union in 1899, and the Women's Trade Union, were established in 1903. These centers were created with the aim of increasing efforts to reduce women's working hours and identify the type of activity that this segment is capable of doing. By year 1908, nineteen laws were passed to reduce women's working hours or abolish nightshift (overnight) work in these states. As more and more women entered the labor market during World War 1 (1914-1918), this trend led to the creation of a women's office in the Ministry of Labor in year 1920, and the introduction of new laws to protect working women. .

Protective laws for women have always been a controversial issue in the women's movement throughout history. Opponents of safeguards argue that laws passed to protect women, even in work-related cases, will undermine women's struggle for equality with men. They claim that gender-based labor laws regard women as weak and defenseless alternatives and limit their job opportunities and also reinforce the theory of women staying at home. Safeguards were repeatedly challenged in the courts. In a lawsuit set up in year 1895, the Illinois Supreme Court ruled that by limiting the working hours of women to eight hours, laws were violated and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the Equal Protection Act. In Luckner and New York (1905), the Supreme Court ruled that all safeguards were unconstitutional. The decision, which was made in Luckner's court, was appealed three years later. American lawyer Louise Brandis says the role of women as mothers needs special support in the workplace. US courts have repeatedly shunned laws to determine minimum wages for women. In a court of year 1923, the Supreme Court ruled that setting minimum wages for women violates the freedom to set terms in contracts. However, the enactment of the National Labor Standards Act (1938) set the minimum wage, which was equal for men and women. In Year (1969), the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) announces the invalidity of women's protection laws.

Voting Right

Women's suffrage, which means the right of women to participate in elections, was one of the most important early developments in women's rights movements. Advocates of women's suffrage, also known as Suffragettes, viewed voting rights as the prelude to women's political participation.

Property Rights

By the early 1830s, the United States had adopted laws and statutes that gave married women more control over their property. New York State passed the Married Women Property Rights Act in 1848, which allowed women to maintain and maintain their property independently of their husbands. This was the first such law to protect Married women were adopted and women had an independent legal status. The new law, adopted in New York, inspired almost all other states in the United States, which eventually adopted similar laws.

Education Right

The right to universal education is universal for all. This right is enshrined in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights as one of the basic human rights and includes the right to free compulsory elementary education for all, the need to make secondary education accessible to all, and ideally the right to equal access to higher education. It is free through the provision of higher education. Members of the United Nations Educational, Cultural and Educational Organization, on December 14^th 1960, adopted their Convention on the Non-Discrimination in Education at its eleventh meeting, which emphasized the prohibition of any discrimination in education. The term "discrimination" in this Convention means any distinction, denial, restriction, or preference based on race, color, sex, language, religion, political opinion or any other belief.

Rape and Sexual Violence

So far, 20 million American women have been raped, according to a report released by the China State Council Information Office: One in five students and nearly 3,000 American Army women were victims of rape in 2008 compared to Year 2007 has increased by about 9 percent.

Women's Action for Their Rights

• The number of women participating in demonstrations in different countries doubled in some cities on 8^th March 2019, compared to the previous year.

References

1. Hosken, Fran P., 'Towards a Definition of Women's Rights' in Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 3, No.  2. (May, 1981), pp. 1-10.

2. Lockwood, Bert B. (ed.), Women's Rights: A "Human Rights Quarterly" Reader (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), ISBN 978-0-8018-8374-3

3. "Married Women's Property Act | 1848 | New York State". Womenshistory.about.com. Retrieved 30 August 2011.

4. "Human Rights". unic-ir. 4-5-7. Obtained at 4-5-1.

5. International Women's Day protest doubles attendance in some cities compared to 2018